Cardiology - Group 2 | Medical Hub

51. What is the most common cause of death in patients with heart failure?

A) Progressive pump failure B) Sudden cardiac death C) Stroke D) PE

52. What is the ejection fraction cutoff for HFrEF?

A) ≤40% B) <35% C) <45% D) <50%

53. What is the most common cause of sodium retention in heart failure?

A) Activation of RAAS B) High dietary sodium C) Aldosterone secretion D) Natriuretic peptide resistance

54. What is the finding on CVP waveform in constrictive pericarditis?

A) Dip-and-plateau (square root sign) B) Large V waves C) Cannon A waves D) Normal

55. What is the finding on CVP waveform in tricuspid regurgitation?

A) Large V waves B) Dip-and-plateau C) Cannon A waves D) Blunted Y descent